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@@ -7,34 +7,33 @@ breadcrumbs:
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{% include header.md %}
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- Bands:
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- - Lows (ca. 20Hz-100Hz)
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- - Low midrange (ca. 100Hz-1kHz)
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- - High midrange (ca. 1kHz-10kHz)
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- - Highs (ca. 10kHz-20kHz)
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+ - Lows (ca. 20Hz-100Hz)
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+ - Low midrange (ca. 100Hz-1kHz)
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+ - High midrange (ca. 1kHz-10kHz)
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+ - Highs (ca. 10kHz-20kHz)
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- Signal levels:
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- - +4dBu: Professional equipment.
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- - -10dBV: Consumer equipment. Lower than +4dBu. Not to be confused with dB**v**.
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- - Phono: Old, for turntables etc. Much lower voltage than line level. Typically needs a phono preamp/stage with RIAA equalization.
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- - Not to be confused with SPL dB.
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+ - +4dBu: Professional equipment.
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+ - -10dBV: Consumer equipment. Lower than +4dBu. Not to be confused with dB**v**.
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+ - Phono: Old, for turntables etc. Much lower voltage than line level. Typically needs a phono preamp/stage with RIAA equalization.
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+ - Not to be confused with SPL dB.
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- Balance mode:
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- - Unbalanced: Ground and signal.
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- - Balanced: Ground and hot and cold signal with equal impedance. The cold signal is 0V but not (directly) connected to ground.
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- - Differential: Balanced but the cold signal is the opposite voltage of the hot signal instead of 0V.
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- - Balanced and unbalanced mono plugs/sockets can generally be connected together (with the loss of the balanced signal), but don't connect e.g. a stereo unbalanced TRS to a mono balanced TRS. It'll sound weird due to the signal mismatch.
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+ - Unbalanced: Ground and signal.
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+ - Balanced: Ground and hot and cold signal with equal impedance. The cold signal is 0V but not (directly) connected to ground.
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+ - Differential: Balanced but the cold signal is the opposite voltage of the hot signal instead of 0V.
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+ - Balanced and unbalanced mono plugs/sockets can generally be connected together (with the loss of the balanced signal), but don't connect e.g. a stereo unbalanced TRS to a mono balanced TRS. It'll sound weird due to the signal mismatch.
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- Ground loops:
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- - When there exists physical loop in the ground wires. Typically when devices are connected to different grounded power outlets.
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- - Different potentials in the loop will cause undesired current flow.
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- - Can be heard as a 50Hz/60Hz hum in the audio signal.
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- - Solutions:
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- - Use balanced signals.
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- - Connect all equipment to a single grounding point, i.e. a single power outlet.
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- - Break the shielding on one cable to break the loop. Different boxes, like DI units, may have this as a feature known as a ground lift. However, make sure all shields are connected at one end. Don't break the shielding/earthing on devices that needs it for safety reasons!
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- - Use a ground loop isolation transformer.
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- - Group the ground cables together so no currents get induced into the cables.
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- - Use a resistor and/or a ferrite bead to limit AC current.
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-- Phantom power:
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- - Applies 48V to XLR3 (or similar) mic inputs. Applying this to devices which aren't made for it can break them.
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-- Impedance:
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- - Basically resistance but for AC.
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+ - When there exists physical loop in the ground wires. Typically when devices are connected to different grounded power outlets.
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+ - Different potentials in the loop will cause undesired current flow.
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|
+ - Can be heard as a 50Hz/60Hz hum in the audio signal.
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+ - Solutions:
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+ - Use balanced signals.
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+ - Connect all equipment to a single grounding point, i.e. a single power outlet.
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+ - Break the shielding on one cable to break the loop. Different boxes, like DI units, may have this as a feature known as a ground lift. However, make sure all shields are connected at one end. Don't break the shielding/earthing on devices that needs it for safety reasons!
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+ - Use a ground loop isolation transformer.
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+ - Group the ground cables together so no currents get induced into the cables.
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+ - Use a resistor and/or a ferrite bead to limit AC current.
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+- Phantom power: Applies 48V to XLR3 (or similar) inputs, for powering mics and similar. Applying this to devices which aren't made for it can break them.
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+- Impedance: Basically resistance but for AC.
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+- Proximity effect: Increase of low frequency response when a audio source is close to a directional or cardioid microphone.
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{% include footer.md %}
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