
# دانشنامه مصاحبه برنامه نویسی

> من در ابتدا این لیست رو به عنوان یک لیست کوتاه از مجموعه موضوعات پژوهشی برای تبدیل شدن به یک مهندس نرم افزار ایجاد کردم، اما به فهرست بلند و بالایی که امروز میبینید تبدیل شد.
> بعد از طی کردن این طرح, [به عوان مهندس توسعه نرم افزار در آمازون استخدام شدم](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)!
> احتمالاً مجبور نخواهید بود به آن اندازه که من مطالطه کردم مطالعه کنید. به هر حال هر چیزی که نیاز داشته باشید در اینجا ذکر شده
>
> من بین 8 تا 10 ساعت در روز، برای چندین ماه مطالعه کردم. داستان از این قرار است:  [چرا 8 ماه تمام وقت برای مصاحبه گوگل مطالعه کردم](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13)
>
> **لطفاً توجه داشته باشید:** لازم نیست به اندازه من مطالعه کنید. من زمان زیادی رو برای دانستن چیزهایی که نیازی به دانستن آنها نداشتم تلف کردم. که بیشتر در پایین توضیح میدهم. من به شما کمک میکنم که بدون اتلاف وقت گرانبهای خود به هدف خود برسید.
>
> موارد ذکر شده در اینجا شما را برای یک مصاحبه فنی، تقریباً در هر شرکت نرم افزاری به خوبی آماده می کند,
> از جمله غول ها: آمازون، فیس بوک، گوگل و مایکروسافت
>
> *با آرزوی موفقیت*

<details>
<summary>ترجمه ها:</summary>

- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md)
- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md)
- [Español](translations/README-es.md)
- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md)
- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md)
- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md)
- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md)
- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md)
- [German](translations/README-de.md)
- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md)
- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md)
- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md)

</details>

<details>
<summary>در حال ترجمه:</summary>

- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81)
- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82)
- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98)
- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90)
- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89)
- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106)
- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118)
- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117)
- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519)
- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156)
- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166)
- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239)

</details>

<div align="center">
	<hr />
    <p>
        <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/jwasham"><strong>Become a sponsor</strong> and support Coding Interview University!</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        <strong>Special thanks to:</strong>
    </p>
    <p>
        <a href="https://www.gitpod.io/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github">
            <div>
                <img src="https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/sponsors/gitpod-logo-light-theme.svg" width="300" alt="Gitpod">
            </div>
            <div>
                <p>
                    <strong>Dev environments built for the cloud</strong>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div>
                <sup>Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review.</sup>
            </div>
        </a>
    </p>
    <hr />
</div>

## این چیه؟

![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png)

این برنامه پژوهشی چند ماهه من جهت تبدیل شدن به یک مهندس نرم افزار برای یک شرکت بزرگ است. 

**مهارت های ضروری:** 
* کمی تجربه کد نویسی (متغیر ها, حلقه ها, متدها/توابع, و...)
* صبر و حوصله
* زمان

<div dir="rtl">
توجه داشته باشید که این یک برنامه مطالعاتی برای **مهندسی نرم افزار** است، نه توسعه وب. شرکت های بزرگ نرم افزاری مانند گوگل، آمازون،
فیس بوک و مایکروسافت مهندسی نرم افزار را متفاوت از توسعه وب می دانند. برای مثال در آمازون مهندسین فرانت اند (FEE) و مهندسان توسعه نرم افزار (SDE) وجود دارند. این دو تا نقش های جداگانه هستند و مصاحبه برای آنها یکسان نخواهد بود، زیرا هر کدام شایستگی های خاص خود را دارند. این شرکت ها برای نقش های توسعه نرم افزار/مهندسی نیاز به دانش علوم کامپیوتر دارند.
</div>
---

## فهرست مطالب

### برنامه مطالعه

- [این چیه؟](#این-چیه)
- [چرا ازش استفاده کنیم؟](#چرا-ازش-استفاده-کنیم)
- [نحوه استفاده](#نحوه-استفاده)
- [احساس نکنید که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستید](#احساس-نکنید-که-به-اندازه-کافی-باهوش-نیستید)
- [نکته ای درباره منابع ویدئویی](#نکته-ای-درباره-منابع-ویدیویی)
- [یک زبان برنامه نویسی انتخاب کنید](#یک-زبان-برنامه-نویسی-انتخاب-کنید)
- [کتاب های مربوط به ساختمان داده و الگوریتم](#کتاب-های-مربوط-به-ساختمان-داده-و-الگوریتم)
- [کتاب های آمادگی مصاحبه](#کتاب-های-آمادگی-مصاحبه)
- [اشتباهات من را تکرار نکنید](#اشتباهات-من-را-تکرار-نکنید)
- [به چه چیزهایی پرداخته نشده](#به-چه-چیزهایی-پرداخته-نشده)
- [برنامه روزانه](#برنامه-روزانه)
- [تمرین مصاحبه کدنویسی](#تمیرن-مصاحبه-کدنویسی)
- [مسائل کدنویسی](#مسائل-کدنویسی)

### موضوعات مطالعه

- [پیچیدگی الگوریتمی / Big-O / تحلیل مجانبی](#پیچیدگی-الگوریتمی--big-o--تحلیل-مجانبی)
- [ساختمان داده](#ساختمان-داده)
    - [آرایه ها](#آرایه-ها)
    - [لیست پیوندی](#لیست-پیوندی)
    - [پشته](#پشته)
    - [صف](#صف)
    - [جدول هش](#جدول-هش)
- [موارد بیشتر](#موارد-بیشتر)
    - [جستجوی باینری](#جستجوی-باینری)
    - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations)
- [درخت ها](#درخت-ها)
    - [درخت ها - یادداشت ها و پس زمینه](#درختها---یادداشت-ها-و-پس-زمینه)
    - [درخت جستجوی دودویی: BSTs](#درخت-جستوجوی-دودویی-bsts)
    - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap)
    - درخت جستجوی متعادل (مفهوم کلی، نه جزئیات)
    - پیمایش: پیش‌سفارش، سفارش، پس‌سفارش، BFS، DFS
- [مرتب سازی](#مرتب-سازی)
    - انتخاب (selection)
    - درج (insertion)
    - heapsort
    - مرتب سازی سریع (quicksort)
    - مرتب سازی ادغام (merge sort)
- [گراف](#گراف)
    - جهت دار (directed)
    - بدون جهت (undirected)
    - ماتریس مجاورت (adjacency matrix)
    - لیست مجاورت (adjacency list
    - traversals: BFS, DFS)
- [موارد حتی بیشتر](#موارد-حتی-بیشتر)
    - [بازگشت](#بازگشت)
    - [برنامه نویسی پویا](#برنامه-نویسی-پویا)
    - [الگوهای-طراحی](#الگوهای-طراحی)
    - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability)
    - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms)
    - [چگونه کامپیوتر یک برنامه را پردازش می کنند](#چگونه-کامپیوتر-یک-برنامه-را-پردازش-میکند)
    - [حافظه نهان](#حافطه-نهان)
    - [پردازش و نخ](#پردازش-و-نخ)
    - [تست](#تست)
    - [جستجو و دستکاری رشته](#جستجو-و-دستکاری-رشته)
    - [Tries](#tries)
    - [اعداد اعشاری](#اعداد-اعشاری)
    - [یونیکد](#یونیکد)
    - [Endianness](#endianness)
    - [شبکه](#شبکه)
- [بررسی نهایی](#بررسی-نهایی)

### گرفتن شغل

- [رزومه خود را به روز کنید](#رزومه-خود-را-به-روز-کنید)
- [یک شغل پیدا کنید](#یک-شعل-پیدا-کنید)
- [فرآیند مصاحبه و آمادگی مصاحبه عمومی](#فرآیند-مصاحبه-و-آمادگی-مصاحبه-عمومی)
- [به فکر زمان مصاحبه باشید](#به-فکر-زمان-مصاحبه-باشید)
- [سوالاتی برای مصاحبه کننده آماده کنید](#سوالاتی-برای-مصاحبه-کننده-آماده-کنید)
- [وقتی شغل مورد نظر رو به دست آوردید](#وقتی-شغل-مورد-نظر-رو-به-دست-آوردید)

**---------------- یادگیری موارد زیر احتیاری است ----------------**

### موضوعات و منابع اضافی اختیاری

- [کتاب های اضافی](#کتاب-های-اضافی)
- [طراحی سیستم، مقیاس پذیری، مدیریت داده ها](#طراحی-سیستم-مقیاس-پذیری-مدیریت-داده-ها) (اگر بیش از 4 سال تجربه دارید)
- [یادگیری بیشتر](#additional-learning)
    - [کامپایلرها](#کامپایلرها)
    - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim)
    - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools)
    - [نظریه اطلاعات](#نظریه-اطلاعات)
    - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos)
    - [Entropy](#entropy)
    - [رمزنگاری](#رمزنگاری)
    - [فشرده سازی](#فشرده-سازی)
    - [Computer Security](#computer-security)
    - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection)
    - [برنامه نویسی موازی](#برنامه-نویسی-موازی)
    - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems)
    - [A*](#a)
    - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform)
    - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter)
    - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog)
    - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing)
    - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees)
    - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures)
    - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees)
        - AVL trees
        - Splay trees
        - Red/black trees
        - 2-3 search trees
        - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)
        - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees
        - B-Trees
    - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees)
    - [Skip lists](#skip-lists)
    - [Network Flows](#network-flows)
    - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find)
    - [ریاضی برای پردازش سریع](#ریاضی-برای-پردازش-سریع)
    - [Treap](#treap)
    - [برنامه نویسی خطی](#برنامه-نویسی-خطی)
    - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos)
    - [ریاضی گسسته](#ریاضی-گسسته)
    - [یادگیری ماشین](#یادگیری-ماشین)
- [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات)
- [مجموعه ویدیویی](#مجموعه-ویدیویی)
- [دوره های علوم کامپیوتر](#دوره-های-علوم-کامپیوتر)
- [مقالات](#papers)

---

## چرا ازش استفاده کنیم؟

اگر می خواهید به عنوان مهندس نرم افزار برای یک شرکت بزرگ کار کنید، اینها چیزهایی هستند که باید بدانید.

اگر مانند من موفق به دریافت مدرک در رشته علوم کامپیوتر نشدید، این لیست شما رو در میابد و 4 سال از زندگی شما رو حفظ میکند

وقتی این پروژه را شروع کردم فرق بین پشته و هیپ رو نمیدانستم،  یا چیزی درمورد پیچیدگی زمانی و درخت ها نمیدانستم , و یا اینکه چگونه یک گراف رو پیمایش کنم. اگر مجبور بودم یک الگوریتم مرتب‌سازی را کدنویسی کنم، می‌توانم به شما بگویم که وحشتناک بود.
هر ساختار داده ای که استفاده میکردم از انواع تعریف شده در زبان برنامه نویسی بود و اصلا از پشت صحنه هیچ خبری نداشتم. من هرگز مجبور نبودم حافظه را مدیریت کنم، مگر اینکه فرآیندی که در حال اجرا بودم،خطای حافظه  را نشان دهد, و سپس به فکر این می افتادم که باید یک راه حل پیدا کنم. من تنها قادر بودم از آرایه های چند بعدی استفاده کنم و هرگز یک ساختار داده رو از ابتدا ایجاد نکرده بودم

این یک برنامه طولانی است. ممکن است ماه ها طول بکشد. اگر قبلاً با بسیاری از این موارد آشنا هستید، زمان بسیار کمتری از شما خواهد گرفت.

## نحوه استفاده

 موارد را به ترتیب از بالا به پایین بررسی کنید.

من از قابلیت های مارک داون گیتهاب ار جمله قابلیت لیست وظایف برای پیگیری پیشرفت مطالعات استفاده کردم
<div dir="rtl">
**یک برنچ  جدید برای تیک زدن مواردی که به اتمام رسانده اید ایجاد کنید، برای این کار فقط یک x داخل براکت قرار دهید : [x]**
</div>

    Fork a branch and follow the commands below

این ریپو رو فورک کنید https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university

و سپس کلون کنید:

    git clone git@github.com:<your_github_username>/coding-interview-university.git
    git checkout -b progress
    git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university
    git fetch --all

<div dir="rtl">
تمام باکس هایی که به اتمام رسانیده اید را با X علامت بزنید:
</div>

    git add .
    git commit -m "Marked x"
    git rebase jwasham/main
    git push --set-upstream origin progress
    git push --force

[More about GitHub-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown)

## احساس نکنید که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستید

- مهندسان نرم افزار موفق باهوش هستند، اما بسیاری از آنها این حس ناامنی را دارند که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستند.
- [افسانه برنامه نویس نابغه](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ)
- [تنها رفتن خطرناک است: مبارزه با هیولاهای نامرئی در فناوری](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY)

## نکته ای درباره منابع ویدئویی

<div dir="rtl">
برخی از ویدیوها فقط با ثبت نام در کلاس Coursera یا EdX در دسترس هستند. که بهشون دوره های گسترده باز (MOOC) میگویند.
بعضی مواقع کلاس ها در باز های زمانی خاصی دایر میشوند، بنابراین باید چند ماه برای شرکت در این کلاس ها صبر کنید

خیلی عالی میشه که دوره های آنلاین اینچنینی با منابع رایگان و همیشه در دسترس جایگزین بشه, 
مانند ویدیوهای یوتیوب (ترجیحاً سخنرانی های دانشگاه)، تا اینکه بتوانید هر زمان که خواستید مطالعه کنید, 
نه فقط زمانی که یک دوره آنلاین خاص در حال برگزاری است.
</div>

## یک زبان برنامه نویسی را انتخاب کنید

برای مصاحبه های کدنویسی که انجام می دهید باید یک زبان برنامه نویسی انتخاب کنید.
اما شما همچنین باید زبانی را پیدا کنید که بتوانید از آن برای مطالعه مفاهیم علوم کامپیوتر استفاده کنید.

ترجیحاً زبانهای یکسانی باشند، به طوری که شما فقط باید در یکی از آن ها مهارت داشته باشید.

### برای این طرح مطالعه

<div dir="rtl">
من وقتی داشتم این برنامه مطالعاتی رو انجام میدادم، برای بیشتر آن از دو زبان پایتون و C استفاده میکردم


* C: یک زبان بسیار سطح پایین است. و شما با اشاره گر ها و تخصیص و آزاد سازی حافظه سرو کار دارید, از این رو شما ساختمان داده ها و الگوریتم رو از نزدیک تجربه خواهید کرد. در زبان‌های سطح بالاتر مانند پایتون یا جاوا، اینها از شما پنهان هستند. که برای کارهای روزانه فوق العاده هست,
    اما زمانی که در حال یادگیری نحوه ساخت این ساختارهای داده سطح پایین هستید, یک حس دیگری است.
    - در طول پروسه مطالعه زبان سی رو همه جا خواهید دید در کتاب ها سخنرانی ها و ویدیوها.
    - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628)
        - این یک کتاب کوتاه است، اما به شما مهارت خوبی در زبان C می دهد و اگر کمی آن را تمرین کنید، به سرعت به مهارت خواهید رسید. درک C به شما کمک می کند تا نحوه عملکرد برنامه ها و حافظه را درک کنید.
        - نیازی نیست خیلی عمیق در این کتاب فرو بروید فقط تا حدی لازم است که بتوانید کد های زبان سی رو بخوانید و بنویسید.
        - [پاسخ به سوالات کتاب](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms)
* Python: مدرن و بسیار رسا، من پایتون رو برای اینکه یک زبان بسیار مفید هست یاد گرفتم و همچنین برای اینکه این امکان رو بهم میده که کد کمتری در مصاحبه بنویسم.

این دو زبان ترجیجات من هستند. البته شما میتوانید هر چیزی که دوست دارید انتخاب کنید.

ممکن است لازم نباشه ، ولی در اینجا چند سایت برای یادگیری یک زبان جدید وجود دارد:
- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks)
- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com)
- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/)
- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/)
- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/)
- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/)
- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/)

</div>

### برای مصاحبه

شما می توانید از زبانی که در آن راحت هستید برای انجام بخش کد نویسی مصاحبه استفاده کنید، اما برای شرکت های بزرگ، اینها گزینه های خوبی هستند.:

- C++
- Java
- Python

شما همچنین می توانید از اینها استفاده کنید، اما ابتدا مطالعه کنید. ممکن است اخطارهایی وجود داشته باشد:

- JavaScript
- Ruby

در اینجا مقاله ای در مورد انتخاب زبان برای مصاحبه نوشتم: 
[یک زبان را برای مصاحبه کدنویسی انتخاب کنید](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/).
این مقاله اصلی است که پست من بر اساس آن نوشته شده است: http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/

شما باید خیلی با زبانی که انتخاب میکنید راحت باشید و معلومات کافی داشته باشید.

درباره انتخاب ها بیشتر بخوانید: 
- [زبان مناسب برای مصاحبه کدنویسی خود را انتخاب کنید](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/)

[منابع مخصوص هر زبان را اینجا ببینید](programming-language-resources.md)

## کتاب های مربوط به ساختمان داده و الگوریتم

این کتاب پایه و اساس شما را برای علوم کامپیوتر تشکیل خواهد داد.

فقط یکی از موارد مربوط به زبانی که با آن راحت تر هستیدرا انتخاب کنید. که قرار است مطالعه و کد نویسی زیادی انجام دهید.

### C

- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080)
    - مبانی، ساختمان داده، مرتب‌سازی، جستجو و الگوریتم‌های نمودار 

### Python

- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/)
    - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser
    - من این کتاب را دوست داشتم. همه چیز را پوشش می داد.
    - Pythonic code
    - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/

### Java

انتخاب شما:

- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser
    - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/)
- Sedgewick and Wayne:
    - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/)
    - Free Coursera course that covers the book (taught by the authors!):
        - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1)
        - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2)

### C++

انتخاب شما:

- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount
    - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275)
- Sedgewick and Wayne
    - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/)
    - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/)

## کتاب های آمادگی مصاحبه

<div dir="rtl">
شما نیازی به خریدن تمام این کتاب ها رو ندارید. راستش رابخواهید احتمالاً کتاب "Cracking the Coding Interview" کافی است, 
اما من بیشتر گرفتم تا بیشتر تمرین کنم. اما من همیشه بیش از حد انجام می دهم.
</div>

من هر دوی اینها را خریدم. آنها به من تمرین زیادی دادند.

- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/)
    - پاسخ به زبان C++ و جاوا
    - این یک گرم کردن خوب برای Cracking the Coding Interview است
    - خیلی سخت نیست بیشتر مشکلات ممکن است ساده تر از چیزی باشد که در مصاحبه می بینید (از آنچه من خوانده ام)
- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/)
    - پاسخ در جاوا

### اگر وقت اضافی دارید:

Choose one:

- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836)
- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/)
- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/)
        - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews)

## اشتباهات من را مرتکب نشوید

این فهرست در طول چندین ماه رشد کرد و از کنترل خارج شد.

در اینجا برخی از اشتباهاتم رو ذکر میکنم تا شما تجربه بهتری داشته باشید. تا ماه ها در زمان خود صرفه جویی کنید.

### 1. شما همه چیز را به خاطر نخواهید آورد

ساعت‌ها ویدیو تماشا کردم و یادداشت‌برداری کردم و ماه‌ها بعد چیز زیادی به یاد نمی آوردم. من 3 روز وقت گذاشتم یادداشت هایم را مرور کردم و فلش کارت درست کردم تا بتوانم مرور کنم. من نیازی به این همه دانستن نداشتم.

لطفا بخوانید تا مرتکب اشتباه من نشوید:

[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/).

### 2. از فلش کارت استفاده کنید

برای حل این مشکل، یک سایت فلش کارت کوچک درست کردم که می توانستم فلش کارت های خودم رو در دو نوع کد و عمومی اضافه کنم.
هر کارت قالب بندی متفاوتی داشت. وب‌سایت رو سازگار با تلفن همراه ایجاد کردم، بنابراین می‌توانستم هر کجا که هستم، در تلفن یا تبلت مرور کنم.

سورس وب سایت:

- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards)

**توصیه نمیکنم که از فلش کارت های من استفاده کنید.** بسیاری از آنها موارد بی اهمیت هستند که ممکن است نیاز نداشته باشید.

اما اگر نمی خواهی به من گوش کنی، بفرما:
- [دیتابیس فلش کارد های من (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db):
- [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db):

به خاطر داشته باشید که من زیاده روی کردم و کارت هایی دارم که همه چیز را از زبان اسمبلی و نکات بی اهمیت پایتون گرفته تا یادگیری ماشینی و آمار را پوشش می دهد.
که بسیار زیاد تر از حد مورد نیاز است.

**یک نکته درباره فلش کارت ها:** به محض اینکه تشخیص دادید که جواب یک کارت را میدانید اون رو به عنوان میدانم علامت نزنید. قبل از آن باید کارت را ببینید و چندین بار جواب درست آن را مرور کنید. پس از چند بار تکرار مبحث مورد نظر عمیقاً در ذهن شما ثبت میشود.

میتوانید به عنوان جاگزین سایت فلش کارت من از سایت [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), استفاده کنید که بارها به من توصیه شده است. 
که از یک سیستم تکرار برای کمک به یادآوری استفاده می کند. کاربرپسند است، در همه پلتفرم ها موجود است و دارای سیستم همگام سازی ابری است. 
که تمامی نسخه های آن به غیر از نسخه IOS رایگان میباشیند.

دیتابیس فلش کارت من با فرمت Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)).

بعضی از دانش آموزان یک به مشکل قالب بندی کارت ها برخوردند که با انجام موارد زیر قابل رفع است: open deck, edit card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class.

### 3. تمرین ها و سوالات مصاحبه را حل کنید

این بسیار مهم است.

هنگامی که در حال یادگیری ساختمان داده و الگوریتم هستید، شروع به کدنویسی و حل تمرین های مصاحبه کنید.

حتما باید آنچه را که یاد میگیرید را به کار ببرید و تمرین کنید ، وگرنه فراموش خواهید کرد. همانطور که من این اشتباه رو مرتکب شدم. 

وقتی موضوعی را یاد گرفتید و تا حدودی با آن احساس راحتی کردید, برای مثال  **لیست های پیوندی**:
1. [کتاب مصاحبه کدنویسی](#interview-prep-books) (یا یکی از سایت های معرفی شده در پایین) رو باز کنید
1. 2 یا 3 سوال در مورد لیست های پیوندی انجام دهید. 
1. به سراغ مبحث بعدی بروید.
1. بعد ها دوباره به مبحث لیست های پیوندی برگردید و دو یا سه مسئله دیگر انجام دهید.
1. این کار را با هر موضوع جدیدی که یاد می گیرید انجام دهید. 

**مسئله ها رو وقتی که دارید یاد میگیرید انجام دهید، نه بعد از آن**

شمام به خاطر دانشتون استخدام نمیشوید، بلکه به خاطر مهارت استفاده از اون دانش استخدام میشوید.

یه سری منابع پایین لیست شده.

### 4. تمرکز

عوامل بیرونی زیادی وجود دارند که باعث حواس پرتی شما میشه. تمرکز و حواس جمع بودن خیلی سخته. برای تمرکز بهتر یک موسیقی بیکلام پخش کنید.

## به چه چیزهایی پرداخته نشده

موارد زیر فناوری های رایج هستند اما بخشی از این طرح مطالعه نیستند:

- SQL
- Javascript
- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies

## برنامه روزانه

در این دوره به موضوعات زیادی پرداخته میشود. با توجه به زمان بندی شما ممکن است هر کدام از موضوعات چند روز و یا حتی یک هفته یا بیشتر زمان ببرد.

هر روز، موضوع بعدی را در لیست انتخاب کنید، چند ویدیو در مورد آن موضوع تماشا کنید و سپس آن را با زبان برنامه نویسی که انتخاب کردید پیاده سازی کنید 

کد های من رو میتونید در اینجا ببینید:
 - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c)
 - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp)
 - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python)

شما نیازی به حفظ کردن هر الگوریتم ندارید. شما فقط باید بتوانید آنقدر آن را درک کنید تا بتوانید آنرا پیاده سازی کنید.

## تمرین مصاحبه کدنویسی

    چرا این اینجاست؟ من برای مصاحبه آماده نیستم.

[پس این رو بخوانید.](#3-do-coding-interview-questions-while-youre-learning)

چرا باید انجام مسائل برنامه نویسی را تمرین کنید:
- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in
- Gathering requirements for the problem
- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview
- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer
- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions (see Big-O below)
- Testing your solutions

یک مقدمه عالی برای حل مسئله روشمند و ارتباطی در مصاحبه وجود دارد:
[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/)

کد را روی تخته سفید یا کاغذ بنویسید، نه کامپیوتر. با چند ورودی نمونه تست کنید. سپس آن را تایپ کرده و روی کامپیوتر تست کنید.

اگر در خانه تخته وایت برد ندارید، یک پد طراحی بزرگ از یک فروشگاه هنری بردارید. می توانید روی مبل بنشینید و تمرین کنید. 
در پایین تصویر دفتر سفیدی که استفاده  میکردم رو میبینید، خودکار رو برای بهتر شدن تصویر اضافه کردم. اگه با خودکار توی این دفتر بنویسید آرزو میکنید کاش میتوانستید پاک کنید. 
**از مداد و پاک کن استفاده کنید.**

![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg)

**نباید پاسخ سوالات رو به خاطر بسپارید باید مسائل رو یاد بگیرید.**

## مسائل برنامه نویسی

کتاب کلیدی مصاحبه کد نویسی رو فراموش نکنید [اینجا](#interview-prep-books).

حل مسئله:
- [چگونگی پیدا کردن راه حل](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/)
- [نحوه تشریح یک مسئله](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/)

ویدئوهای مربوط به سوال های مصاحبه کدنویسی:
- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI)
- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd)
    - فوق العاده برای بررسی راه حل های مشکل
- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-)
    - توضیحات خوب راه حل و کد
    - You can watch several in a short time
- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder)

سایت های چالشی:
- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/)
    - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing.
    - See Nick White and FisherCoder Videos above for code walk-throughs.
- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/)
- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/)
- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1)
- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/)
- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/)

## بیایید شروع کنیم

خوب، صحبت کافی است، بیایید یاد بگیریم!

اما فراموش نکنید که در حین یادگیری، مسائل کدنویسی را از بالا انجام دهید!

## پیچیدگی الگوریتمی / Big-O / تحلیل مجانبی

- اینجا چیزی برای پیاده سازی نیست، شما فقط فیلم ها را تماشا می کنید و یادداشت برداری می کنید! آری
- ویدیوهای زیادی در اینجا وجود دارد. تا حدی ویدیو ها رو ببینید تا مباحث رو متوجه بشید. میتوانید بعدا برای مرور برگردید.
- اگر تمام ریاضیات پشت آن را متوجه نمیشوید نگران نباشید.
- فقط باید بدانید که چگونه پیچیدگی یک الگوریتم را بر حسب Big-O بیان کنید..
- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4)
- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU)
- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN)
- [ ] Skiena:
    - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
    - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008)
- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98)
- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN)
- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem):
    - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/)
    - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/)
- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/)

بسیارخب، فکر کنم در همین حد کافی باشه. 

وقتی دارید کتاب "Cracking the Coding Interview" رو مطالعه میکنید، یک فصل در این مورد در آنجا وجود داره.
اگر بتوانید پیچیدگی زمان اجرای الگوریتم های مختلف رو شناسایی کنید. فرصت خوبیه برای بررسی و تست مسائل

## ساختمان داده

- ### آرایه ها
    - [ ] درمورد آرایه ها:
        - [آرایه ها (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF)
        - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s)
        - [آرایه پویا (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV)
        - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g)
    - [ ] پیاده سازی vector (mutable array with automatic resizing):
        - [ ] تمرین آرایه ها و اشاره گر ها, استفاده از اشاره گر به جای ایندکس در آرایه.
        - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory
            - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features
            - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128
        - [ ] size() - number of items
        - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold
        - [ ] is_empty()
        - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds
        - [ ] push(item)
        - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right
        - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0
        - [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value
        - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left
        - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places)
        - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found
        - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function
            - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size
            - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half
    - [ ] Time
        - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update
        - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere
    - [ ] Space
        - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance
        - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n)

- ### لیست های پیوندی
    - [ ] Description:
        - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK)
        - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0)
        - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w)
    - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo)
            - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation
    - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays:
        - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9)
        - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd)
    - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo)
    - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge:
        (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points)
        This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness.
        - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html)
    - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without):
        - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list
        - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty
        - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first)
        - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list
        - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value
        - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end
        - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value
        - [ ] front() - get value of front item
        - [ ] back() - get value of end item
        - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index
        - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index
        - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list
        - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list
        - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value
    - [ ] Doubly-linked List
        - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD)
        - No need to implement

- ### پشته
    - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ)
    - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial

- ### صف
    - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq)
    - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)
    - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer:
        - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail
        - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front)
        - empty()
    - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array:
        - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage
        - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element
        - empty()
        - full()
    - [ ] Cost:
        - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n)
            because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue
        - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing])
        - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array)
        - empty: O(1) (linked list and array)

- ### جدول هش
    - [ ] Videos:
        - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8)
        - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
        - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
        - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68)
        - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU)
        - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11)
        - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4)

    - [ ] Online Courses:
        - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP)
        - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4)
        - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP)
        - [ ] distributed hash tables:
            - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb)
            - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H)

    - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing
        - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table
        - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value
        - exists(key)
        - get(key)
        - remove(key)

## موارد بیشتر

- ### جستجوی باینری
    - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno)
    - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search)
    - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/)
    - [ ] Implement:
        - binary search (on sorted array of integers)
        - binary search using recursion

- ### Bitwise operations
    - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32)
    - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, <<
        - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture))
        - [ ] Good intro:
            [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I)
        - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0)
        - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation)
        - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation)
        - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html)
        - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/)
        - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html)
        - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac)
		- [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/)
    - [ ] 2s and 1s complement
        - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4)
        - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement)
        - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement)
    - [ ] Count set bits
        - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc)
        - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan)
        - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer)
    - [ ] Swap values:
        - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html)
    - [ ] Absolute value:
        - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html)

## درخت

- ### درخت ها - یادداشت ها و پس زمینه
    - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda)
    - ساخت درخت اولیه
    - پیشمایش
    - الگوریتم های ویرایش
    - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM)
        - BFS notes:
           - ترتیب سطح (BFS, using queue)
           - پیچیدگی زمانی: O(n)
           - پیچیدگی مکانی: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n)
        - DFS notes:
            - time complexity: O(n)
            - space complexity:
                best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree
                worst: O(n)
            - inorder (DFS: left, self, right)
            - postorder (DFS: left, right, self)
            - preorder (DFS: self, left, right)

- ### درخت جستجوی دودویی: BSTs
    - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6)    
    - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction)
    - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68)
    - C/C++:
        - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28)
        - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29)
        - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
        - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31)
        - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32)
        - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
        - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
        - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
        - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36)
        - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
    - [ ] Implement:
        - [ ] insert    // insert value into tree
        - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored
        - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max
        - [ ] delete_tree
        - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree
        - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1)
        - [ ] get_min   // returns the minimum value stored in the tree
        - [ ] get_max   // returns the maximum value stored in the tree
        - [ ] is_binary_search_tree
        - [ ] delete_value
        - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none

- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap
    - به عنوان یک درخت تجسم میشود اما معمولاً به صورت خطی ذخیره میشود (array, linked list)
    - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure))
    - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction)
    - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations)
    - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees)
    - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark)
    - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations)
    - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees)
    - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode)
    - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291)
    - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort)
    - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap)
    - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE)
    - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw)
    - [ ] Implement a max-heap:
        - [ ] insert
        - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert
        - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it
        - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored
        - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements
        - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it
        - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max
        - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x
        - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort
        - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap

## مرتب سازی

- [ ] Notes:
    - پیاده سازی روش های مرتب سازی و دانستن بهترین و بدترین روش, میانگین پیچیدگی زمانی هر کدام:
        - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16
    - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?")
        - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability)
        - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms)
        - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/)
        - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf)
    - [ ] کدوم الگوریتم ها در آرایه ها و کدام در لیست های پیوندی و کدام در هر دو استفاده میشوند؟
        - من مرتب کردن لیست پیوندی را توصیه نمی کنم، اما مرتب سازی ادغام قابل انجام است.
        - [مرتب سازی ادغام برای لیست های پیوندی](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/)

- برای مرتب سازی هیپ بخش ساختمان داده هیپ در بالا رو ببینید. مرتب سازی هیپ عالی است اما پایدار نیست

- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3)
    - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort)
    - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort)
    - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity)
    - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators)
    - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability)

- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3)
    - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort)
    - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection)
    - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys)
    - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts)

- [ ] UC Berkeley:
    - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I)
    - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk)
    - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc)
    - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4)

- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)
- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)
- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)
- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)
- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)
- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB)

- [ ] Merge sort code:
    - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c)
    - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py)
    - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc)
- [ ] Quick sort code:
    - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c)
    - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c)
    - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py)

- [ ] Implement:
    - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case
    - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case
    - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case
    - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above

- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them:
    - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3)
        - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java)
        - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting)
        - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort)
        - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort)
        - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort)
        - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays)
    - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort)
    - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38)
    - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)
    - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14)

به عنوان خلاصه، در اینجا یک نمایش بصری از[15 الگوریتم مرتب سازی](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg).
اگر به جزئیات بیشتری در مورد این موضوع نیاز دارید، بخش "مرتب سازی" را در اینجا ببینید [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات)

## گراف

از گراف ها میتوان برای حل بسیاری از مسائل در علوم کامپیوتر استفاده کرد، بنابراین این بخش مانند بهش درخت و مرتب سازی طولانی است.

- توجه:
    - 4 روش اساسی برای نمایش یک گراف در حافظه وجود دارد:
        - اشاره گرها و اشیاء (objects)
        - ماتریس مجاورت
        - لیست مجاورت
        - adjacency map
    - با هر کدام از آنها و مزایا و معایب آنها آشنا شوید
    - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code
    - اگر سوالی پرسیده شد، ابتدا به دنبال راه حل مبتنی بر گراف بگردید.

- [ ] MIT(videos):
    - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13)
    - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14)

- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro:
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11)
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12)
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13)
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
    - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)

- [ ] Graphs (review and more):

    - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17)
    - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18)
    - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm -  Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm)
    - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7)
    - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8)
    - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9)
    - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~
    - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k)
    - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)
    - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw)

- Full Coursera Course:
    - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome)

- I'll implement:
    - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive)
    - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack)
    - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive)
    - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack)
    - [ ] BFS with adjacency list
    - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix
    - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra)
    - [ ] minimum spanning tree
    - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above):
        - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting)
        - [ ] topological sort
        - [ ] count connected components in a graph
        - [ ] list strongly connected components
        - [ ] check for bipartite graph

## موارد حتی بیشتر

- ### بازگشت
    - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking:
        - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8)
        - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9)
        - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69)
        - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11)
    - چه زمانی از توابع بازگشتی استفاده کنیم؟
    - How is tail recursion better than not?
        - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad)
        - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1)

- ### برنامه نویسی پویا
    - احتمالاً در مصاحبه خود هیچ مسئله ای مربوط به برنامه نویسی پویا نخواهید دید، اما ارزش دارد که بتوانید راه حل یک مسئله را به عنوان برنامه نویسی پویا تشخیص دهید.
    - این موضوع می تواند بسیار دشوار باشد، زیرا هر مسئله قابل حل DP باید به عنوان یک رابطه بازگشتی تعریف شود، و رسیدن به آن می تواند مشکل باشد..
    - من پیشنهاد می‌کنم که نمونه‌های زیادی از مسائل DP را تا زمانی که درک کاملی از مباحث داشته باشید، ببینید.
    - [ ] Videos:
        - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see
        - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718)
        - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749)
        - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406)
        - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22)
        - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558)
        - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm)
        - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12)
        - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short):
            [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr)
    - [ ] Yale Lecture notes:
        - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming)
    - [ ] Coursera:
        - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem)
        - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm)
        - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm)
        - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm)
        - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation)
        - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment)
        - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment)

- ### الگوهای طراحی
    - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3)
    - [ ] این الگو ها رو یاد بگیرید:
        - [ ] strategy
        - [ ] singleton
        - [ ] adapter
        - [ ] prototype
        - [ ] decorator
        - [ ] visitor
        - [ ] factory, abstract factory
        - [ ] facade
        - [ ] observer
        - [ ] proxy
        - [ ] delegate
        - [ ] command
        - [ ] state
        - [ ] memento
        - [ ] iterator
        - [ ] composite
        - [ ] flyweight
    - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344)
    - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO)
    - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO)
    - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07)
    - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124)
        - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO.
    - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips)
    - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns)

- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability
    - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U)
    - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4)
    - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ)
    - [ ] Khan Academy:
        - Course layout:
            - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic)
        - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short):
            - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19)

- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms
    - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem,
        and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise.
    - Know what NP-complete means.
    - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23)
    - [ ] Simonson:
        - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939)
        - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm)
        - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm)
        - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18)
    - [ ] Skiena:
        - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508)
        - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
        - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
    - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22)
    - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24)
    - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)
    - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem:
        - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb)
    - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it.

- ### How computers process a program

    - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA)
    - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA)
    - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU)
    - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60)
    - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k)

- ### حافظه نهان
    - [ ] LRU cache:
        - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M)
        - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI)
        - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU)
    - [ ] CPU cache:
        - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24)
        - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-)

- ### پردازش و نخ
    - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos):
        - for processes and threads see videos 1-11
        - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c)
    - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread)
    - موارد گفته شده در این دوره:
        - پردازه ها, نخ ها, مسائل همزمانی
            - فرق بین پردازه (process) و نخ
            - پردازه ها
            - نخ
            - Locks
            - Mutexes
            - Semaphores
            - Monitors
            - How they work?
            - Deadlock
            - Livelock
        - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching
        - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors
        - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2)
        - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3)
        - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o)
        - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack)
        - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy.
        - Context switching
            - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware?
    - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M)
    - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k)
    - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos):
        - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1)
        - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM)
        - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s)
            - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL)
        - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4)
        - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU)
        - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY)

- ### تست
    - To cover:
        - چگونه unit test پیاده سازی کنیم
        - what are mock objects
        - what is integration testing
        - what is dependency injection
    - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U)
    - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU)
    - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706)
        - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf)
    - [ ] Dependency injection:
        - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ)
        - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html)
    - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html)

- ### جستجو و دستکاری رشته
    - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays)
    - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4)
        - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search)
        - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search)
        - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt)
        - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore)
        - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp)
    - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text)

    اگر به جزئیات بیشتری در مورد این موضوع نیاز دارید، بخش "String Matching" را ببینید [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات).

- ### Tries
    - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits
        to track the path
    - I read through code, but will not implement
    - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4)
        - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries)
        - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries)
        - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations)
    - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries)
    - [ ] Short course videos:
        - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries)
        - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries)
        - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie)
    - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure)
    - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/)
    - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU)
    - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf)

- ### اعداد اعشاری
    - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU)
    - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec)

- ### یونیکد
    - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html)
    - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/)

- ### Endianness
    - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html)
    - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo)
    - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0)
        - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head.
        - The first half is enough.

- ### شبکه
    - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions**
    - Otherwise, this is just good to know
    - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet)
    - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8)
    - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0)
    - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM)
    - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As)
    - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0)
    - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM)
    - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8)
    - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j)
    - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4)
    - [ ] Sockets:
        - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s)
        - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ)

---

## بررسی نهایی

    این بخش ویدیوهای کوتاه تری دارد که می توانید خیلی سریع آن ها را تماشا کنید تا بیشتر مفاهیم مهم را مرور کنید.

- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos)
    - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22)
- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos):
    - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ)
- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1)
- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2)

---

## رزومه خود را به روز کنید

- اطلاعات آماده سازی رزومه را در کتاب های زیر ببینید: "Cracking The Coding Interview" و "Programming Interviews Exposure"
- من نمی دانم این چقدر مهم است (شما می توانید تحقیقات خود را انجام دهید) اما در اینجا مقاله ای در مورد سازگار کردن رزومه شما با ATS وجود دارد.:
    - [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Compliant](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free)
- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), 
    - Note by the author: "This is for a US-focused resume. CVs for India and other countries have different expectations, although many of the points will be the same."


## یک شغل پیدا کنید

- [سایت های کاریابی](https://ayedot.com/151/MiniBlog/Top-10-Best-Websites-for-Careers--Jobs)

## فرآیند مصاحبه و آمادگی مصاحبه عمومی

- [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1)
- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs)
- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4:
    - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8)
    - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be)
- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1:
    - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ)
    - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ)
- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview:
    - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI)
    - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg)
- Prep Courses:
    - [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed):
        - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer.
    - [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/):
        - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more.
    - [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513):
        - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course.
    - [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256):
        - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios.
    - [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview):
        - Many times, it’s not your technical competency that holds you back from landing your dream job, it’s how you perform on the behavioral interview.

Mock Interviews:
- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview
- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews
- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously

## به فکر زمان مصاحبه باشید

درباره 20 تا از سوالاتی که ممکن است از شما پرسیده شود و سوالات پایین فکر کنید. و برای هرکدام حداقل یک جواب داشته باشید

- چرا این شغل را می خواهی؟
- یکی از مشکلات بزرگی که حل کردی رو بازگو کن؟
- بزرگترین چالشی که داشتی؟
- بهترین و بدترین طرح هایی که دیدی؟
- ایده هایی برای بهبود یک محصول موجود
- چگونه به عنوان یک فرد و به عنوان بخشی از یک تیم بهترین کار را انجام می دهید؟
- کدام یک از مهارت ها یا تجربیات شما میتواند کلیدی باشد و چرا؟
- از چه چیز فلان پروژه لذت بردی؟
- بزرگترین چالشی که توی فلان پروژه باهاش روبرو شدی چی بود؟ 
- سخت ترین باگی که باهاش روبرو شدی چی بود؟
- از فلان پروژه چی یاد گرفتی؟
- چه کاری رو بهتر انجام دادی؟

- اگر یافتن پاسخ‌های خوب برای این نوع سوالات مصاحبه برایتان سخت است، در اینجا چند ایده وجود دارد: 
    - [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs)

## سوالاتی برای مصاحبه کننده آماده کنید

برخی از سوالات من (من قبلاً ممکن است پاسخ ها را بدانم، اما نظر آنها یا دیدگاه تیم را می خواهم):

- تعداد تیم شما چقدر است؟
- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile?
- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility?
- تصمیمات در تیم شما چگونه گرفته می شود؟
- چند جلسه در هفته دارید؟
- آیا احساس می کنید محیط کارتان به شما کمک می کند تمرکز کنید؟
- بر روی چه مسئله ای کار می کنید؟
- چه چیزی را درباره آن دوست داری؟
- زندگی کاری چگونه است؟
- تعادل کار و زندگی چگونه است؟

## وقتی شغل مورد نظر رو به دست آوردید

تبریک می گویم!

به یادگیری ادامه دهید.

تازه اولشه

---

    *****************************************************************************************************
    *****************************************************************************************************

    از اینجا به بعد موارد اختیاری استو دانستن آنها برای مصاحبه سطح مقدماتی نیازی نیست.
    با این حال، با مطالعه این موارد، بیشتر در معرض مفاهیم CS قرار خواهید گرفت و برای هر شغل مهندسی نرم افزار آمادگی بیشتری خواهید داشت. شما تبدیل به یک مهندس نرم افزار بسیار قوی تر خواهید شد.
    
    *****************************************************************************************************
    *****************************************************************************************************

---

## کتاب های اضافی

    These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting.

- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X)
    - An oldie but a goodie
- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/)
    - A modern option
- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated)
- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/)
    - A gentle introduction to design patterns
- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612)
    - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF
    - The canonical design patterns book
- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena)
    - As a review and problem recognition
    - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview
    - This book has 2 parts:
        - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms
            - Pros:
                - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be
                - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia
                - Code examples in C
            - Cons:
                - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects
                - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have
                - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material
        - Algorithm catalog:
            - This is the real reason you buy this book.
            - This book is better as an algorithm reference, and not something you read cover to cover.
    - Can rent it on Kindle
    - Answers:
        - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition))
        - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/)
    - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata)
- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038)
    - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief
    - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like
    - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation:
        - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation
        - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations
        - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation
        - Chapter 5 - Character Representation
        - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access
        - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects
        - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture
        - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture
        - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization
- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844)
    - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently
    - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game
- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055)
    - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment

## طراحی سیستم، مقیاس پذیری، مدیریت داده ها

**اگر بیش از 4 سال تجربه دارید باید انتظار سوالات درمورد طراحی سیستم داشته باشید.**

- مقیاس‌پذیری و طراحی سیستم موضوعات بسیار بزرگی هستند که موضوعات و منابع زیادی دارند، زیرا هنگام طراحی یک سیستم نرم‌افزاری/سخت‌افزاری که می‌تواند مقیاس‌پذیر باشد، موارد زیادی باید در نظر گرفته شود..
      انتظار داشته باشید که زمان زیادی را صرف این موضوع کنید
- ملاحظات:
    - مقیاس پذیری
        - Distill large data sets to single values
        - Transform one data set to another
        - Handling obscenely large amounts of data
    - طراحی سیستم
        - features sets
        - interfaces
        - class hierarchies
        - designing a system under certain constraints
        - simplicity and robustness
        - tradeoffs
        - performance analysis and optimization
- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023)
- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/)
- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM)
- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below
- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/)
- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/)
- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html)
- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk)
- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem)
- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB)
- [ ] Consensus Algorithms:
    - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM)
    - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE)
        - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/)
        - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/)
- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html)
- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html)
- [ ] Scalability:
    - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you.
    - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4)
    - [ ] Short series:
        - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones)
        - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database)
        - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache)
        - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism)
    - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html)
    - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf)
    - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI)
    - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/)
    - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc)
    - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0)
    - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/)
    - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html)
    - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4)
    - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html)
        - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok)
    - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html)
    - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/)
    - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o)
    - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/)
    - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/)
    - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html)
    - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html)
    - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html)
    - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html)
    - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html)
    - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html)
    - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html)
    - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html)
    - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html)
    - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it)
    - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances)
    - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html)
    - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html)
    - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together
    - [ ] Twitter:
        - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI)
        - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability)
    - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section
- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world:
    - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
    - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
    - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf)
    - flow:
        1. Understand the problem and scope:
            - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help
            - Suggest additional features
            - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope
            - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case
        2. Think about constraints:
            - Ask how many requests per month
            - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math)
            - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage
            - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating
            - How much data written per second
            - Total storage required over 5 years
            - How much data read per second
        3. Abstract design:
            - Layers (service, data, caching)
            - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging
            - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service
            - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions
    - Exercises:
        - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake)
        - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis)
        - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html)
        - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf)
        - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/)
        - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/)

## یادگیری بیشتر

    I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain
    technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox.

- ### کامپایلرها
    - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg)
    - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo)
    - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk)
    - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU)

- ### Emacs and vi(m)
    - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor
    - vi(m):
        - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr)
        - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/)
        - set of 4 videos:
            - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk)
            - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE)
            - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI)
            - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA)
        - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs)
    - emacs:
        - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0)
        - set of 3 (videos):
            - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q)
            - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II)
            - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc)
        - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc)
        - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs)

- ### Unix command line tools
    - I filled in the list below from good tools.
    - bash
    - cat
    - grep
    - sed
    - awk
    - curl or wget
    - sort
    - tr
    - uniq
    - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace)
    - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/)

- ### نظریه اطلاعات
    - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory)
    - More about Markov processes:
        - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation)
        - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation)
        - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through)
    - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below

- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos)
    - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE)
    - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M)
    - Hamming Code:
        - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc)
        - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o)
    - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk)

- ### Entropy
    - Also see videos below
    - Make sure to watch information theory videos first
    - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176)

- ### رمزنگاری
    - Also see videos below
    - Make sure to watch information theory videos first
    - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography)
    - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30)
    - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)

- ### فشرده سازی
    - Make sure to watch information theory videos first
    - Computerphile (videos):
        - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w)
        - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko)
        - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI)
        - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g)
        - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA)
        - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU)
    - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H)
    - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s)

- ### Computer Security
    - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2)
        - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3)
        - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6)
        - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)
        - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)

- ### Garbage collection
    - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI)
    - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits)
    - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3)

- ### برنامه نویسی موازی
    - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1)
    - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk)

- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems
    - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/)
        - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html)
    - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/)
        - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials)
    - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/)
        - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1)
    - [Redis](http://redis.io/)
        - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/)
    - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/)
    - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/)
    - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/)
        - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html)
    - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/)
        - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html)
    - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/)
        - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual)
    - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/)
    - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction)
    - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html)
    - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/)

- ### A*
    - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm)
    - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE)
    - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE)

- ### Fast Fourier Transform
    - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/)
    - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/)
    - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q)
    - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4)
    - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/)

- ### Bloom Filter
    - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k)
    - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs)
    - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78)
    - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/)
    - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/)

- ### HyperLogLog
    - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html)

- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing
    - Used to determine the similarity of documents
    - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same
    - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html)

- ### van Emde Boas Trees
    - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6)
    - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf)

- ### Augmented Data Structures
    - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc)

- ### Balanced search trees
    - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented):
    - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular.
        A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations
        to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena
    - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a
        balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up
        and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code
        - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions
        If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these:
        - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete
    - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets
    - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree)

    - **AVL trees**
        - In practice:
            From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be:
            The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly
            balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it
            attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language
            dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter)
        - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6)
        - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees)
        - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation)
        - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge)

    - **Splay trees**
        - In practice:
            Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors,
            data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory,
            networking and file system code) etc
        - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY)
        - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees:
            - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure.
            - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo)

    - **Red/black trees**
        - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below).
        - In practice:
            Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time.
            Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications,
            but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees;
            for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and
            the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java,
            the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor
            hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used
        - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871)
        - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5)
        - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree)
        - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees)

    - **2-3 search trees**
        - In practice:
            2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees).
        - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees.
        - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2)
        - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6)
        - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)

    - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)**
        - In practice:
            For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion
            operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an
            important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce
            2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**.
        - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q)
        - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6)
        - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5)

    - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees**
        - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches)
        - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2
        - 2-3 trees are 3-ary
        - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree)

    - **B-Trees**
        - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor).
        - In Practice:
            B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to
            its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary
            block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block
            (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address
        - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree)
        - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html)
        - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6)
        - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6)
        - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6)
        - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf)
                - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures
                - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size)


- ### k-D Trees
    - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object
    - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors
    - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk)
    - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg)

- ### Skip lists
    - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena
    - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)
    - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list)

- ### Network Flows
    - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs)
    - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0)
    - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI)

- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find
    - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI)
    - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1)

- ### ریاضی برای پردازش سریع
    - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg)

- ### Treap
    - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap
    - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap)
    - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8)
    - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf)

- ### برنامه نویسی خطی
    - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ)
    - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U)
    - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik)
    - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk)

- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos)
    - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164)
    - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm)
    - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2)

- ### ریاضی گسسته
    - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html)
    - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t)
    - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/)

- ### یادگیری ماشین
    - Why ML?
        - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70)
        - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY)
        - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw)
    - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0)
    - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal)
    - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM)
    - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html)
    - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/)
    - Courses:
        - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning)
              - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW)
              - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates)
        - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks)
        - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730)
        - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009)
        - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive)
    - Resources:
        - Books:
            - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/)
            - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X)
            - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/)
        - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers)
        - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/

---

## جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات

    I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them
    above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject.
    You want to get hired in this century, right?

- **SOLID**   
    - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE)
    - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html)
        - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk)
    - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html)  | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle)
        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en)
    - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle)
        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en)
    - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use
        - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ)
        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en)
    - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects.
        - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important)
        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en)


- **Union-Find**
    - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview)
    - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations)
    - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees)
    - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank)
    - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression)
    - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional)

- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos)
    - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19)
    - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20)
    - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21)
    - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
    - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)
    - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15)
    - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12)

- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos)
    - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27)
    - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28)

- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos):
    - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)
    - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25)

- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19)

- **String Matching**
    - Rabin-Karp (videos):
        - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm)
        - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation)
        - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis)
        - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9)
        - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32)
    - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP):
        - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo)
    - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm
        - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm)
        - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10)
    - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1)
        - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be
        - nice explanation of tries
        - can be skipped

- **Sorting**

    - Stanford lectures on sorting:
        - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69)
        - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69)
    - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/):
        - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2)
        - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3)
    - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting:
        - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600)
        - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
        - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b)
        - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10)

## مجموعه ویدیویی

Sit back and enjoy.

- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr)

- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0)

- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8)

- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A)

- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos)
    - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1)

- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd)

- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C)

- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_)

- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO)

- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~

- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu)

- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq)

- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False)

- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484)

- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi)

- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B)

- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp)

- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7)

- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB)

- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1)

- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c)

- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf)

- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh)

- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02)

- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy)
    - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/)

- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV)

- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd)

## دوره های علوم کامپیوتر

- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science)
- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses)

## Algorithms implementation

- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code)


## مقالات

- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/)
- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf)
    - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp)
- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf)
    - replaced by Colossus in 2012
- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf)
    - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow?
- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf)
- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf)
- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf)
    - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution
- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf)
- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker:
    - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf)
    - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany)
- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database:
    - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf)
    - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855)
- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf)
- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf)
- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf)
- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf )
- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf)
- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper)

## LICENSE

[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt)