Minor format change.

README.md

@@ -991,146 +991,147 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
     
 You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.
 
-- ### System Design, Scalability, Data Handling
-    - Considerations from Yegge:
-        - scalability
-            - Distill large data sets to single values
-            - Transform one data set to another
-            - Handling obscenely large amounts of data
-        - system design
-            - features sets
-            - interfaces
-            - class hierarchies
-            - designing a system under certain constraints
-            - simplicity and robustness
-            - tradeoffs
-            - performance analysis and optimization
-    - [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
-    - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023)
-    - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/)
-    - [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/)
-    - [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM)
-    - [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below.
-    - [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/)
-    - [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/)
-    - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html)
-    - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk)
-    - [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/)
-    - [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm:
-        - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM)
-        - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o)
-        - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf)
-    - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html)
-    - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html)
-    - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (vido)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc)
-    - [ ] OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos):
-        - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices.
-        - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO)
-    - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles:
-        - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE)
-        - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ)
-        - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A)
-        - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html)
-            - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk)
-        - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html)  | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle)
-            - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en)
-        - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle)
-            - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en)
-        - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use
-            - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ)
-            - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en)
-        - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects.
-            - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important)
-            - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en)
-    - [ ] Scalability:
-        - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4)
-        - [ ] Short series:
-            - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones)
-            - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database)
-            - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache)
-            - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism)
-        - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html)
-        - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf)
-        - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html)
-            - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html)
-        - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI)
-        - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/)
-        - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc)
-        - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0)
-        - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/)
-        - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html)
-        - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook)
-        - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU)
-        - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4)
-        - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html)
-            - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok)
-        - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html)
-        - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/)
-        - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o)
-        - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/)
-        - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/)
-        - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html)
-        - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html)
-        - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html)
-        - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html)
-        - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html)
-        - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html)
-        - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html)
-        - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html)
-        - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html)
-        - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html)
-        - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html)
-        - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html)
-        - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html)
-        - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html)
-        - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html)
-        - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it)
-        - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html)
-        - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances)
-        - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html)
-        - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html)
-        - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html)
-        - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html)
-        - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture)
-        - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html)
-        - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html)
-        - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together
-        - [ ] Twitter:
-            - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI)
-            - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability)
-        - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section.
-    - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world:
-        - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
-        - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf)
-        - flow:
-            1. Understand the problem and scope:
-                - define the use cases, with interviewer's help
-                - suggest additional features
-                - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope
-                - assume high availability is required, add as a use case
-            2. Think about constraints:
-                - ask how many requests per month
-                - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math)
-                - estimate reads vs. writes percentage
-                - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating
-                - how much data written per second
-                - total storage required over 5 years
-                - how much data read per second
-            3. Abstract design:
-                - layers (service, data, caching)
-                - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging
-                - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service
-                - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions
-        - Exercises:
-            - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci)
-            - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake)
-            - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html)
-            - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis)
-            - [Design a function to return the top k requests during past time interval]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf)
-            - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html)
-            - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf)
-            - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/)
-            - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/)
+
+## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling
+- Considerations from Yegge:
+    - scalability
+        - Distill large data sets to single values
+        - Transform one data set to another
+        - Handling obscenely large amounts of data
+    - system design
+        - features sets
+        - interfaces
+        - class hierarchies
+        - designing a system under certain constraints
+        - simplicity and robustness
+        - tradeoffs
+        - performance analysis and optimization
+- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
+- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023)
+- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/)
+- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/)
+- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM)
+- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below.
+- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/)
+- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/)
+- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html)
+- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk)
+- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/)
+- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm:
+    - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM)
+    - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o)
+    - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf)
+- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html)
+- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html)
+- [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (vido)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc)
+- [ ] OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos):
+    - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices.
+    - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO)
+- [ ] SOLID OOP Principles:
+    - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE)
+    - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ)
+    - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A)
+    - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html)
+        - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk)
+    - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html)  | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle)
+        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en)
+    - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle)
+        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en)
+    - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use
+        - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ)
+        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en)
+    - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects.
+        - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important)
+        - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en)
+- [ ] Scalability:
+    - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4)
+    - [ ] Short series:
+        - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones)
+        - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database)
+        - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache)
+        - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism)
+    - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html)
+    - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf)
+    - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html)
+        - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html)
+    - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI)
+    - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/)
+    - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc)
+    - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0)
+    - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/)
+    - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html)
+    - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook)
+    - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU)
+    - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4)
+    - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html)
+        - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok)
+    - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html)
+    - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/)
+    - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o)
+    - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/)
+    - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/)
+    - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html)
+    - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html)
+    - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html)
+    - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html)
+    - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html)
+    - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html)
+    - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html)
+    - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html)
+    - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html)
+    - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html)
+    - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html)
+    - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html)
+    - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html)
+    - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html)
+    - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html)
+    - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it)
+    - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html)
+    - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances)
+    - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html)
+    - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html)
+    - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html)
+    - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html)
+    - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture)
+    - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html)
+    - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html)
+    - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together
+    - [ ] Twitter:
+        - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI)
+        - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability)
+    - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section.
+- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world:
+    - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/)
+    - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf)
+    - flow:
+        1. Understand the problem and scope:
+            - define the use cases, with interviewer's help
+            - suggest additional features
+            - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope
+            - assume high availability is required, add as a use case
+        2. Think about constraints:
+            - ask how many requests per month
+            - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math)
+            - estimate reads vs. writes percentage
+            - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating
+            - how much data written per second
+            - total storage required over 5 years
+            - how much data read per second
+        3. Abstract design:
+            - layers (service, data, caching)
+            - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging
+            - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service
+            - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions
+    - Exercises:
+        - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci)
+        - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake)
+        - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html)
+        - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis)
+        - [Design a function to return the top k requests during past time interval]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf)
+        - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html)
+        - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf)
+        - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/)
+        - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/)
 
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