Cleaning up the project.

README.md

@@ -111,10 +111,8 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from
     - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms)
     - [Caches](#caches)
     - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads)
-    - [Papers](#papers)
     - [Testing](#testing)
     - [Scheduling](#scheduling)
-    - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines)
     - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations)
     - [Tries](#tries)
     - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers)
@@ -175,6 +173,7 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from
     - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos)
     - [Discrete math](#discrete-math)
     - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning)
+- [Papers](#papers)
 - [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects)
 - [Video Series](#video-series)
 - [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses)
@@ -306,6 +305,8 @@ This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time.
 <details>
 <summary>If you have tons of extra time:</summary>
 
+Choose one:
+
 - [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836)
 - [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)
     - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/)
@@ -334,17 +335,12 @@ This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time.
 
       </details>
 
-<details>
-<summary>If you have more time (I want this book):</summary>
-
-- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055)
-    - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment
-
-</details>
 
 ### Language Specific
 
-**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions.
+**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).**
+
+Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions.
 
 If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems.
 **You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review.
@@ -430,14 +426,13 @@ OR:
     - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently.
     - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game
 
+- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055)
+    - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment
+
 - [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880)
     - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but
       that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter.
 
-- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~
-    - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results.
-    - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems.
-
 </details>
 
 ## Before you Get Started
@@ -981,8 +976,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti
         - [ ] list strongly connected components
         - [ ] check for bipartite graph
 
-You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and the interview books
-
 </details>
 
 ## Even More Knowledge
@@ -1002,6 +995,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
         - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc)
 
 - ### Dynamic Programming
+    - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming.
     - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky.
     - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved.
     - [ ] Videos:
@@ -1154,38 +1148,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
         - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU)
         - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY)
 
-- ### Papers
-    - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections.
-    - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/)
-    - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf)
-        - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp)
-    - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf)
-        - replaced by Colossus in 2012
-    - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf)
-        - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow?
-    - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf)
-        - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf)
-        - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution
-    - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/)
-        - paper not available
-    - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker:
-        - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf)
-        - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany)
-    - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database:
-        - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf)
-        - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855)
-    - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf )
-    - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf)
-    - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf)
-
 - ### Testing
     - To cover:
         - how unit testing works
@@ -1209,10 +1171,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
     - in an OS, how it works
     - can be gleaned from Operating System videos
 
-- ### Implement system routines
-    - understand what lies beneath the programming APIs you use
-    - can you implement them?
-
 - ### String searching & manipulations
     - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays)
     - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4)
@@ -1282,7 +1240,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
 <details>
 <summary>System Design, Scalability, Data Handling</summary>
 
-- **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.**
+**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.**
+
 - Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since
       there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale.
       Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this.
@@ -1311,10 +1270,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
 - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html)
 - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk)
 - [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/)
-- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm:
-    - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM)
-    - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o)
-    - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf)
+- [ ] Consensus Algorithms:
+    - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM)
+    - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE)
 - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html)
 - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html)
 - [ ] Scalability:
@@ -1334,7 +1292,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
     - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0)
     - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/)
     - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html)
-    - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook)
     - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU)
     - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4)
     - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html)
@@ -1348,7 +1305,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
     - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html)
     - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html)
     - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html)
-    - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html)
     - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html)
     - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html)
     - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html)
@@ -1357,7 +1313,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th
     - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html)
     - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html)
     - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html)
-    - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html)
     - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html)
     - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it)
     - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html)
@@ -1943,6 +1898,37 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo
     above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject.
     You want to get hired in this century, right?
 
+- Papers
+    - Be selective on which papers you read and how much you read.
+    - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/)
+    - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf)
+        - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp)
+    - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf)
+        - replaced by Colossus in 2012
+    - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf)
+        - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow?
+    - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf)
+        - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf)
+        - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution
+    - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/)
+        - paper not available
+    - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker:
+        - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf)
+        - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany)
+    - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database:
+        - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf)
+        - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855)
+    - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf )
+    - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf)
+    - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf)
 - [ ] **Union-Find**
     - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview)
     - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations)