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@@ -176,8 +176,6 @@ This solution is `sign extension`. Here we can see that low 48 bits of a virtual
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Userspace occupies the lower part of the virtual address space, from `0x000000000000000` to `0x00007fffffffffff` and kernel space occupies the highest part from the `0xffff8000000000` to `0xffffffffffffffff`. Note that bits `63:48` is 0 for userspace and 1 for kernel space. All addresses which are in kernel space and in userspace or in another words which higher `63:48` bits zero or one calls `canonical` addresses. There is `non-canonical` area between these memory regions. Together this two memory regions (kernel space and user space) are exactly `2^48` bits. We can find virtual memory map with 4 level page tables in the [Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt):
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```
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-Virtual memory map with 4 level page tables:
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-
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0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47 bits) user space, different per mm
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hole caused by [48:63] sign extension
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ffff800000000000 - ffff87ffffffffff (=43 bits) guard hole, reserved for hypervisor
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0xAX