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@@ -147,21 +147,24 @@ document.
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<div class='flushleft'>
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<!-- l. 97 --><p class='noindent'>
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- Amit Dhingra, Andy Shevchenko, Arush Sharma, Benno Bielmeier, Bob Lee,
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-Brad Baker, Che-Chia Chang, Cheng-Shian Yeh, Chih-En Lin, Chih-Hsuan
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-Yang, Chih-Yu Chen, Ching-Hua (Vivian) Lin, Chin Yik Ming, cvvletter,
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-Cyril Brulebois, Daniele Paolo Scarpazza, David Porter, demonsome, Dimo
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-Velev, Ekang Monyet, Ethan Chan, Francois Audeon, Gilad Reti, heartofrain,
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-Horst Schirmeier, Hsin-Hsiang Peng, Ignacio Martin, I-Hsin Cheng, Iûnn
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-Kiàn-îng, Jian-Xing Wu, Johan Calle, keytouch, Kohei Otsuka, Kuan-Wei
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+ Amit Dhingra, Andrew Kreimer, Andrew Lin, Andy Shevchenko, Arush
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+Sharma, Aykhan Hagverdili, Benno Bielmeier, Bob Lee, Brad Baker, Che-Chia
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+Chang, Cheng-Shian Yeh, Cheng-Yang Chou, Chih-En Lin, Chih-Hsuan Yang,
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+Chih-Yu Chen, Ching-Hua (Vivian) Lin, Chin Yik Ming, Chung-Han Tsai,
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+cvvletter, Cyril Brulebois, Daniele Paolo Scarpazza, David Porter,
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+demonsome, Dimo Velev, Ekang Monyet, Ethan Chan, Francois Audeon, Gilad
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+Reti, Hao.Dong, heartofrain, Horst Schirmeier, Hsin-Hsiang Peng, Hung-Jen
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-Chiu, manbing, Marconi Jiang, mengxinayan, Meng-Zong Tsai, Peter Lin,
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-Roman Lakeev, Sam Erickson, Shao-Tse Hung, Shih-Sheng Yang, Stacy
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-Prowell, Steven Lung, Tristan Lelong, Tse-Wei Lin, Tucker Polomik, Tyler
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-Fanelli, VxTeemo, Wei-Hsin Yeh, Wei-Lun Tsai, Xatierlike Lee, Yen-Yu Chen,
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-Yin-Chiuan Chen, Yi-Wei Lin, Yo-Jung Lin, Yu-Hsiang Tseng, YYGO. </p></div>
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+Pao, Ignacio Martin, I-Hsin Cheng, Integral, Iûnn Kiàn-îng, Jian-Xing
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+Wu, Jimmy Ma, Johan Calle, keytouch, Kohei Otsuka, Kuan-Wei Chiu,
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+manbing, Marconi Jiang, mengxinayan, Meng-Zong Tsai, Peter Lin, Roman
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+Lakeev, Sam Erickson, Shao-Tse Hung, Shih-Sheng Yang, Stacy Prowell,
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+Steven Lung, Tristan Lelong, Tse-Wei Lin, Tucker Polomik, Tyler Fanelli,
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+VxTeemo, Wei-Hsin Yeh, Wei-Lun Tsai, Xatierlike Lee, Yan-Jie Chan, Yen-Yu
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+Chen, Yin-Chiuan Chen, Yi-Wei Lin, Yo-Jung Lin, Yu-Chun Lin, Yu-Hsiang
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+Tseng, YYGO. </p></div>
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<!-- l. 101 --><p class='noindent'>
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</p>
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<h4 class='subsectionHead' id='what-is-a-kernel-module'><span class='titlemark'>1.3 </span> <a id='x1-40001.3'></a>What Is A Kernel Module?</h4>
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@@ -191,12 +194,12 @@ desired.
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</p><!-- l. 121 --><p class='indent'> On Ubuntu/Debian GNU/Linux:
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</p>
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<pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb1'><a id='x1-5006r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo apt-get install build-essential kmod</span></pre>
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-<!-- l. 126 --><p class='indent'> On Arch Linux:
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-</p>
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- <pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb2'><a id='x1-5009r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo pacman -S gcc kmod</span></pre>
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+<!-- l. 126 --><p class='indent'> On Arch Linux:
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+</p>
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+ <pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb2'><a id='x1-5009r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo pacman -S gcc kmod</span></pre>
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<!-- l. 131 --><p class='noindent'>
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</p>
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<h4 class='subsectionHead' id='what-modules-are-in-my-kernel'><span class='titlemark'>1.5 </span> <a id='x1-60001.5'></a>What Modules are in my Kernel?</h4>
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@@ -220,6 +223,9 @@ To search for the <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt
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such actions. Nonetheless, a prudent approach involves executing the examples within
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a test distribution on a virtual machine, thus mitigating any potential risk of
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disrupting the system.
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</p><!-- l. 156 --><p class='noindent'>
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</p>
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<h4 class='subsectionHead' id='before-we-begin'><span class='titlemark'>1.7 </span> <a id='x1-80001.7'></a>Before We Begin</h4>
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@@ -229,9 +235,6 @@ of successful compilation and loading of the inaugural “hello world” program
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times, present challenges. It is reassuring to note that overcoming the initial
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obstacle in the first attempt paves the way for subsequent endeavors to proceed
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seamlessly.
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</p><!-- l. 164 --><p class='indent'>
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</p><ol class='enumerate1'>
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<li class='enumerate' id='x1-8002x1'>Modversioning. A module compiled for one kernel will not load if a different
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@@ -257,6 +260,9 @@ seamlessly.
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it is advisable to perform all tasks from the console.
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</p></li>
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<li class='enumerate' id='x1-8010x3'>
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<!-- l. 184 --><p class='noindent'>SecureBoot. Numerous modern computers arrive pre-configured with
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UEFI SecureBoot enabled—an essential security standard ensuring
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booting exclusively through trusted software endorsed by the original
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@@ -266,9 +272,6 @@ seamlessly.
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</p><!-- l. 189 --><p class='noindent'>Failing this, an attempt to insert your first “hello world” module would
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result in the message: “<span class='ecti-1000'>ERROR: could not insert module</span>”. If this message
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<span class='ecti-1000'>Lockdown: insmod: unsigned module loading is restricted; see man kernel
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-
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-
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-
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</span><span class='ecti-1000'>lockdown.7 </span>appears in the <code> <span class='ectt-1000'>dmesg</span>
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</code> output, the simplest approach involves disabling UEFI SecureBoot from
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the boot menu of your PC or laptop, allowing the successful insertion
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@@ -294,11 +297,11 @@ Then for example:
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</p>
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<pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb8'><a id='x1-9012r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo pacman -S linux-headers</span></pre>
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<!-- l. 221 --><p class='indent'> On Fedora:
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-</p>
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- <pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb9'><a id='x1-9015r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo dnf install kernel-devel kernel-headers</span></pre>
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+</p>
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+ <pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb9'><a id='x1-9015r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>sudo dnf install kernel-devel kernel-headers</span></pre>
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<!-- l. 226 --><p class='noindent'>
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</p>
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<h3 class='sectionHead' id='examples'><span class='titlemark'>3 </span> <a id='x1-100003'></a>Examples</h3>
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@@ -359,14 +362,14 @@ to use <span class='ecti-1000'>tabs</span>, not spaces.
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<a id='x1-12069r7'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>7</span>
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<a id='x1-12071r8'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>8</span><span class='ectt-0800'>clean:</span>
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<a id='x1-12073r9'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>9</span><span class='ectt-0800'> </span><span class='colorbox' id='colorbox29'><span class='ectt-0800'>$</span></span><span class='ectt-0800'>(MAKE) -C /lib/modules/</span><span class='colorbox' id='colorbox30'><span class='ectt-0800'>$</span></span><span class='ectt-0800'>(shell uname -r)/build M=</span><span class='colorbox' id='colorbox31'><span class='ectt-0800'>$</span></span><span class='ectt-0800'>(PWD) clean</span></pre>
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<!-- l. 267 --><p class='indent'> In <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>Makefile</span></span></span>, <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>$(CURDIR)</span></span></span> can set to the absolute pathname of the current working
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directory(after all <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>-C</span></span></span> options are processed, if any). See more about <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>CURDIR</span></span></span> in <a href='https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html'>GNU
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make manual</a>.
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</p><!-- l. 270 --><p class='indent'> And finally, just run <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>make</span></span></span> directly.
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</p><!-- l. 1 --><p class='indent'>
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-
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-
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-
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</p>
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<pre class='fancyvrb' id='fancyvrb13'><a id='x1-12076r1'></a><span class='ecrm-0500'>1</span><span class='ectt-1000'>make</span></pre>
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<!-- l. 276 --><p class='indent'> If there is no <span class='obeylines-h'><span class='verb'><span class='ectt-1000'>PWD := $(CURDIR)</span></span></span> statement in Makefile, then it may not compile
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jserv